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ITS2 metabarcoding analysis complements lichen mycobiome diversity data.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lichen fungal communities are complex and their diversity is underestimated by standard methods. Using both ITS1 and ITS2 DNA regions is crucial for accurately assessing fungal diversity in lichens.

Keywords:
AscomycetesBasidiomycetesEndophytesFungal isolatesITS1Ion torrent

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Lichenology
  • Molecular Ecology

Background:

  • Lichen thalli host intricate fungal communities (mycobiomes) with diverse ecological roles.
  • The full extent of lichen mycobiome complexity and diversity remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Previous surveys are limited by barcode locus choice, taxonomic discrimination sensitivity, and public sequence repository coverage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the taxonomic composition and diversity of an alpine rock lichen mycobiome using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2).
  • To investigate the presence of lichenicolous fungi in both symptomatic and asymptomatic lichen thalli.
  • To evaluate the limitations of metabarcoding for fungal diversity assessment and compare ITS1 and ITS2 barcode performance.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region.
  • Analysis of fungal taxonomic composition and diversity in alpine rock lichen communities.
  • Morphological characterization and molecular prediction of lichenicolous fungi.

Main Results:

  • Taxa within the order Chaetothyriales were identified as dominant components of the studied lichen mycobiomes.
  • Lichenicolous fungi, predicted from morphological data, were found to be present asymptomatically within lichen thalli.
  • Significant differences in species diversity estimation were observed between ITS1 and ITS2 barcode usage, with notable biases in Basidiomycota detection.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of barcode locus significantly impacts fungal diversity estimations in metabarcoding studies.
  • Complementary analysis of both ITS1 and ITS2 loci is essential for a reliable assessment of lichen mycobiome diversity.
  • Accurate characterization of lichen mycobiomes requires careful consideration of molecular markers and sequencing depth.