Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.3K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.3K
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

628
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
628
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

1.6K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.6K
Total Voids in Concrete01:12

Total Voids in Concrete

477
Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
477
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

5.7K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
5.7K
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

1.3K
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Traumatic Brain Injury in an Elite Adolescent Soccer Goalkeeper: A Case Report.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Evaluating success rates of rotary NiTi versus reciprocating files in endodontic treatment.

Bioinformation·2026
Same author

AAV-mediated gene transfer of a novel microdystrophin ameliorates pathology and enhances muscle function in a mouse model of DMD.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2026
Same author

Tirzepatide as an Add-on for Participants with Inadequate Glycemic Control Using Basal Insulin: Pooled Subgroup Analysis of SURPASS-5 and -6.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2026
Same author

Development of the Patient Satisfaction with Medication for Diabetes (PSMD) questionnaire.

Journal of patient-reported outcomes·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery
06:40

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

Published on: June 8, 2021

2.9K

Adaptive smith predictor controller for total intravenous anesthesia automation.

Bhavina Patel1, Hiren Patel1, Pragna Vachhrajani2

  • 11Department of Electrical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India.

Biomedical Engineering Letters
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated system for propofol anesthesia, using brain concentration to control hypnosis. The novel approach ensures smoother anesthesia with fewer variations, improving patient recovery and reducing costs.

Keywords:
Adaptive smith predictor with lead–lag filter (ASP)Electroencephalography (EEG)Intra venous (IV)PropofolTarget control infusion (TCI)

More Related Videos

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.5K
Optimized Intravenous Injection in Adult Zebrafish
05:17

Optimized Intravenous Injection in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: December 20, 2024

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery
06:40

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

Published on: June 8, 2021

2.9K
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.5K
Optimized Intravenous Injection in Adult Zebrafish
05:17

Optimized Intravenous Injection in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: December 20, 2024

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Propofol administration requires precise rate control to prevent hypotension and adverse reactions.
  • Current methods for anesthetic drug rate management during surgery lack optimal patient-specific adaptation.
  • Instability in anesthetic parameters and postoperative complications necessitate improved control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a robust automated control system for propofol administration to maintain stable Bispectral Index (BIS) and minimize drug variations.
  • To develop an advanced computer control system for improved patient health, faster recovery, and reduced clinical costs.
  • To achieve closed-loop control of hypnosis during surgery using a drug sensitivity-based adaptation with infusion delay.

Main Methods:

  • A novel system administers propofol, regulating BIS using brain concentration as feedback instead of the BIS signal.
  • Regression models estimate patient sensitivity parameters (EC50 and λ) for adaptive control, avoiding BIS-based frequent adaptations.
  • An adaptive Smith predictor with a lead-lag filter was applied to models of 22 patients using clinical data.

Main Results:

  • The patient's drug sensitivity-based adaptive strategy demonstrated optimal controller performance across most patients.
  • The proposed scheme achieved reduced settling time, minimized BIS oscillations, and small offset errors for adequate anesthesia depth.
  • Compared to manual control and previous systems, the proposed method significantly reduced total propofol dose variations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed adaptive scheme offers improved robustness and performance, with less oscillation despite computational delays and patient variability.
  • This system's ability to simplify drug sensitivity-based adaptation makes it suitable for closed-loop hypnosis control during surgery.
  • The findings suggest the system's potential for clinical practice, leading to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare expenses.