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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Generation of Porcine Testicular Organoids with Testis Specific Architecture using Microwell Culture
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Testis-sparing surgery for testicular masses: current perspectives.

Roberto La Rocca1, Marco Capece2, Lorenzo Spirito1

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Minerva Urologica E Nefrologica = the Italian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
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Testis sparing surgery is safe for select patients with small, non-palpable testicular masses. Radical orchiectomy may be overtreatment, but more research is needed to confirm long-term outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Palpable testicular nodules are malignant in over 90% of cases, making radical orchiectomy standard care.
  • High-frequency ultrasonography detects more small, non-palpable testicular tumors, often benign (60-80%).
  • Radical orchiectomy can lead to infertility, psychological issues, and endocrine disorders, highlighting the need for organ-sparing alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety and efficacy of testicular-sparing surgery for non-palpable testicular masses.
  • To identify patient selection criteria for organ-sparing testicular procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of retrospective studies was conducted.
  • Fourteen reliable retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria.
  • No prospective randomized trials were identified in the Medline database.

Main Results:

  • Testicular-sparing surgery is safe and effective in selected patients.
  • Suitable candidates include monorchid patients, those with bilateral testicular masses, and individuals with small (<3 cm, <30% volume) non-palpable masses detected via ultrasound.
  • The review confirmed the feasibility of organ-sparing procedures for benign small testicular masses.

Conclusions:

  • Testis sparing surgery is a safe and feasible option for patients with benign small testicular masses.
  • The current evidence is limited by the small number of patients and the absence of prospective trials.
  • Further robust, well-designed studies are necessary to solidify the role of testicular-sparing surgery.