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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations - I01:26

Kinematic Equations - I

14.6K
When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.1K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Kinematic Equations - II01:17

Kinematic Equations - II

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The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...
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Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

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In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
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Kinematic Equations - III01:18

Kinematic Equations - III

10.5K
The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
Using the kinematic equations,...
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Kinematic Equations: Problem Solving01:15

Kinematic Equations: Problem Solving

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When analyzing one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration, the problem-solving strategy involves identifying the known quantities and choosing the appropriate kinematic equations to solve for the unknowns. Either one or two kinematic equations are needed to solve for the unknowns, depending on the known and unknown quantities. Generally, the number of equations required is the same as the number of unknown quantities in the given example. Two-body pursuit problems always require two...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments
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Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

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Knee implant kinematics are task-dependent.

Pascal Schütz1, Barbara Postolka1, Hans Gerber1

  • 1Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich , Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich , Switzerland.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) kinematics vary significantly with daily activities. Understanding knee joint motion during walking, stair descent, and sit-to-stand is crucial for evaluating TKA implant performance.

Keywords:
activities of daily livinggait activitiesmoving fluoroscopetibio-femoral kinematicstotal knee arthroplastyvideofluoroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure for pain relief.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding in vivo knee joint kinematics during daily activities post-TKA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze knee joint motion during functional activities in TKA patients.
  • To determine if joint kinematics differ significantly between various daily activities.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic videofluoroscopy was used to assess tibio-femoral kinematics.
  • Six TKA subjects were analyzed during walking, stair descent, sit-to-stand, and stand-to-sit cycles.

Main Results:

  • Tibio-femoral kinematics showed clear task dependency.
  • Greater anterior-posterior translation occurred during stair descent compared to walking and stand-to-sit.
  • A local minima at ~30° flexion was observed, more prominent during loaded phases, potentially related to implant design.

Conclusions:

  • Flexion angle alone does not fully explain TKA implant kinematics.
  • Assessing complete cycles of functional activities is essential for evaluating TKA design in vivo.