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Heart rate during hyperphagia differs between two bear species.

Boris Fuchs1, Koji Yamazaki2, Alina L Evans1

  • 11 Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences , Campus Evenstad, 2418 Elverum , Norway.

Biology Letters
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asian black bears and Eurasian brown bears exhibit different heart rate responses during their pre-hibernation hyperphagia period, reflecting adaptations to distinct food sources and availability. This study highlights varied physiological strategies in bears facing seasonal food challenges.

Keywords:
Asian black bearUrsusbrown bearheart ratehyperphagia

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Animal ecology
  • Behavioral biology

Background:

  • Hyperphagia, crucial for fat accumulation before hibernation, involves distinct dietary strategies in bears.
  • Asian black bears consume hard masts, while Eurasian brown bears rely on berries during this period.
  • Food availability fluctuations can influence bear activity and stress levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the metabolic rates, using heart rate as a proxy, between Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and Eurasian brown bears (Ursus arctos).
  • To investigate the physiological consequences of differing food availability and composition during the hyperphagic period in these two bear species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized heart rate monitoring as an indicator of metabolic rate in both species.
  • Employed generalized additive mixed models to analyze heart rate data.
  • Compared heart rate patterns from summer through the hyperphagic period leading into hibernation.

Main Results:

  • Asian black bears exhibited lower heart rates in summer but significantly higher heart rates during the hyperphagic period compared to Eurasian brown bears.
  • Heart rates in black bears doubled during hyperphagia, suggesting increased metabolic activity linked to their diet.
  • Brown bears showed a different heart rate pattern, potentially reflecting their berry-based diet.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals distinct physiological adaptations in Asian black bears and Eurasian brown bears in response to seasonal food availability.
  • Differences in heart rate patterns underscore the varied metabolic strategies employed by these species to cope with the phenological challenge of hyperphagia.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the ecological and physiological divergence within the Ursus genus.