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Lower-Limb Biomechanical Characteristics Associated with Unplanned Gait Termination Under Different Walking Speeds
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Gait Characteristics and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study.

Oshadi Jayakody1, Monique Breslin1, Velandai K Srikanth2,3

  • 1Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Gait speed predicts decline in processing speed and visuospatial function. Higher double support time variability is linked to memory decline, especially in ApoE4 carriers, highlighting gait

Keywords:
Apolipoprotein E4cognitive dysfunctiongait variabilityspecific cognitive domainswalking speedwalking speed reserve

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Gait impairments are increasingly recognized as early predictors of dementia.
  • Limited research has explored the association between gait characteristics and decline in specific cognitive domains.
  • The influence of genetic factors, such as the ApoE4 genotype, on these associations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether gait speed and other gait parameters predict decline in distinct cognitive domains.
  • To examine the modifying role of the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) genotype in the relationship between gait and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 410 older adults (mean age 72.0±7.0 years) was recruited.
  • Gait parameters including speed, variability (step time, length, width, double support time [DST]), and pace difference were assessed using the GAITRite walkway.
  • Cognitive functions (processing speed, memory, executive, and visuospatial function) were evaluated using neuropsychological tests. Multivariable mixed models analyzed longitudinal associations and ApoE4 genotype interactions.

Main Results:

  • Slower gait speed was associated with greater decline in processing speed and visuospatial function.
  • Increased variability in double support time (DST) predicted accelerated memory decline, particularly in ApoE4 carriers.
  • No other gait characteristics consistently predicted cognitive decline across domains.

Conclusions:

  • Specific gait measures, such as gait speed and DST variability, offer insights into distinct cognitive domains.
  • Gait analysis can serve as a valuable tool for early identification of cognitive decline and potential dementia risk.
  • The findings underscore the intricate relationship between gait, cognition, and genetic predisposition.