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Preliminary Validation of an Unannounced Telephone Pill Count Protocol to Measure Medication Adherence Among Young

Amelia Bucek, Jeannette Raymond, Cheng-Shiun Leu

    The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC
    |April 9, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Unannounced telephone pill counts effectively measure antiretroviral therapy adherence in young adults with perinatal HIV. This validated tool shows higher adherence correlates with lower viral load.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health
    • Adolescent Medicine

    Background:

    • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is crucial for managing HIV infection.
    • Objective adherence measures are needed, especially for young adults (YA) with perinatal HIV.
    • Previous validation of telephone pill counts has not focused on this specific demographic.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To validate unannounced telephone pill counts as an adherence measurement tool.
    • To assess the relationship between adherence and viral load in perinatally HIV-infected YA.
    • To explore demographic factors influencing adherence and viral load.

    Main Methods:

    • Sixty-two perinatally HIV-infected YA participated over 4 months.
    • Unannounced telephone pill counts assessed ART adherence.
    • Phlebotomy measured viral load (VL).
    • Statistical analyses compared adherence scores based on VL and demographics.

    Main Results:

    • Participants with VL ≤20 had significantly higher adherence scores (85%) compared to those with VL >20 (62%; p = .004).
    • The method showed validity in the overall YA cohort.
    • Associations were not significant for older YA or Latino participants.

    Conclusions:

    • Unannounced telephone pill counts are a valid adherence measurement tool for young adults with perinatal HIV.
    • Higher adherence is linked to better viral suppression in this population.
    • Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to confirm findings.

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