Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

950
Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
950
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

365
When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
365
Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

Characteristics of Dry Friction

968
Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
968
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

6.3K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
6.3K
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

3.1K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
3.1K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

10.0K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
10.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

To the Medical Public.

Illinois medical and surgical journal·2023
Same author

3D Echocardiography Provides Highly Accurate 3D Printed Models in Congenital Heart Disease.

Pediatric cardiology·2020
Same author

Long-term efficacy of certolizumab pegol for psoriasis.

The British journal of dermatology·2020
Same author

Prevalence and Biological Control of Bacteriocin-Producing Psychrotrophic Leuconostocs Associated with Spoilage of Vacuum-Packaged Processed Meats<sup></sup>.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Bacteriocins of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Combination Have Greater Antibacterial Activity.

Journal of food protection·2019
Same author

Viability Loss of Foodborne Pathogens by Starter Culture Metabolites.

Journal of food protection·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis
10:28

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis

Published on: February 8, 2010

11.7K

Cellular Damage in Dried Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Merry Brennan1, Bahijah Wanismail1, M C Johnson1

  • 1Food Microbiology, Animal Science Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071.

Journal of Food Protection
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Freeze drying and vacuum drying damage Lactobacillus acidophilus cell walls and membranes, increasing sensitivity to common substances. This study investigates the molecular damage caused by drying in these probiotic cells.

More Related Videos

A High-Throughput Comet Assay Approach for Assessing Cellular DNA Damage
07:57

A High-Throughput Comet Assay Approach for Assessing Cellular DNA Damage

Published on: May 10, 2022

5.9K
Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis
10:28

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis

Published on: February 8, 2010

11.7K
A High-Throughput Comet Assay Approach for Assessing Cellular DNA Damage
07:57

A High-Throughput Comet Assay Approach for Assessing Cellular DNA Damage

Published on: May 10, 2022

5.9K
Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Lactobacillus acidophilus is a probiotic bacterium crucial for gut health.
  • Drying methods like freeze-drying and vacuum-drying are used for preserving probiotics.
  • Cellular integrity is vital for probiotic survival and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional changes in Lactobacillus acidophilus cells after freeze-drying and vacuum-drying.
  • To identify the specific cellular components affected by these drying processes.
  • To understand the implications of drying-induced damage on cell viability and permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of freeze-dried and vacuum-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus cells.
  • Assessment of cell sensitivity to oxgall, lysozyme, and NaCl.
  • Permeability assays using orthonitrophenol β-galactoside.
  • Microscopic examination using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • Dried Lactobacillus acidophilus cells exhibited increased sensitivity to oxgall and lysozyme, indicating cell wall damage.
  • Cytoplasmic membrane damage was inferred from increased sensitivity to NaCl and permeability to orthonitrophenol β-galactoside.
  • SEM and TEM revealed surface material loss and partial degradation of cell wall and membrane components.
  • A 46-kilodalton surface protein, crucial for cell adhesion, was lost from dried cells.

Conclusions:

  • Freeze-drying and vacuum-drying significantly compromise the structural integrity of Lactobacillus acidophilus.
  • Damage to both the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane affects cell viability and function.
  • Loss of bound water during drying likely weakens cellular macromolecular bonds, leading to structural damage.