Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating
Published on: February 20, 2016
Aluminum-Magnesium Hydroxycarbonate/Azo Dye Hybrids as Novel Multifunctional Colorants for Elastomer Composites
Bolesław Szadkowski1, Anna Marzec2, Przemysław Rybiński3
1Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland. boleslaw.szadkowski@edu.p.lodz.pl.
Abstract:
This study presents the preparation and characterization of new organic-inorganic pigments based on aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonate (LH) and azo dyes. Solvent resistance studies, XRD, SEM, and TGA confirmed the successful formation of hybrid pigments, which were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties. The new hybrid pigments were applied in acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) and ethylene-propylene (EPM) rubber composites and cured with sulfur and peroxide curing systems, respectively. The mechanical properties, dispersion quality, and flame-retardant properties of the NBR/hybrid and EPM/hybrid pigment composites were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), SEM, and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Complex experimental investigations revealed that the layered nature of hybrid pigments could improve the barrier ability and flame retardancy of elastomer composites. In comparison to unmodified aluminum-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, the modified LH dye structures contributed to significantly decrease the heat release rate and the total heat release of the NBR and EPM composites, offering a new approach to imparting low flammability to elastomer materials.
Related Concept Videos
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
Hybrid Zones
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
Color Vision
Classifying Matter by Composition
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated.
A mixture is composed of two or...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

