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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions03:03

Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

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Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

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This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
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Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) Behavior of Polystyrene-Based Polyampholytes in Aqueous Solution.

Komol Kanta Sharker1, Yuki Ohara2, Yusuke Shigeta3

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Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Strong polyampholytes synthesized from vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) and sodium p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) show unique solubility. These charge-neutralized polymers exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in NaCl solutions.

Keywords:
RAFTUCSTelectrostatic interactionpolyampholyte

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Strong polyampholytes are polymers containing both cationic and anionic groups.
  • Understanding their solubility and phase behavior is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize strong polyampholytes with near stoichiometric charge neutralization.
  • To investigate the solubility and temperature-dependent phase behavior of these polymers in aqueous solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to synthesize poly(VBTAC/NaSS).
  • Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy was employed to determine polymer composition.
  • Solubility and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior were studied in aqueous NaCl solutions.

Main Results:

  • Polymers P(VBTAC/NaSS) with varying degrees of polymerization (n=20, 97) were successfully synthesized.
  • The polymers, approximately 50 mol% VBTAC content, were insoluble in pure water but soluble in NaCl solutions or upon heating.
  • A distinct UCST behavior was observed, with the transition temperature influenced by polymer concentration, molecular weight, and NaCl concentration.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized strong polyampholytes exhibit tunable solubility and UCST behavior.
  • These findings highlight the potential of polyampholytes in stimuli-responsive materials and separation processes.