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Related Concept Videos

General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Shear Force Fiber Spinning: Process Parameter and Polymer Solution Property Considerations.

Arzan C Dotivala1, Kavya P Puthuveetil2, Christina Tang3

  • 1Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3028, USA. dotivalaac@vcu.edu.

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Summary

This study compares shear force fiber spinning and electrospinning for creating aligned polymer nanofibers. Shear force spinning offers more uniform fiber spacing, while both methods provide complementary spacing for advanced applications like cell scaffolds.

Keywords:
aligned fibersdraw-down ratioelectrospinningentanglement

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Controlling the spatial orientation of polymer nanofibers is crucial for applications such as sensors and cell scaffolds.
  • Existing methods for fiber alignment and patterning have limitations in uniformity and achievable spacing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of shear force fiber spinning and electrospinning with a rotating drum for aligning and patterning polymer nanofibers.
  • To establish guidelines for polymer solution properties and process parameters to facilitate fiber formation and hierarchical structure creation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized shear force fiber spinning and electrospinning onto a rotating drum to produce polymer nanofibers.
  • Employed polystyrene as a model system to analyze fiber spacing uniformity and characteristics.
  • Investigated polymer entanglement and capillary number to predict fiber formation behavior in different polymer systems.

Main Results:

  • Shear force fiber spinning demonstrated superior uniformity in fiber spacing (18% relative standard deviation) compared to electrospinning (39% relative standard deviation).
  • The two methods offer complementary fiber spacing ranges: electrospinning achieves ~10 microns, while shear force spinning achieves ~250 microns.
  • Identified critical parameters like capillary number (>50) and draw-down ratio for successful continuous fiber formation.

Conclusions:

  • Shear force fiber spinning and electrospinning are complementary techniques for producing polymer nanofibers with controlled spatial orientation and spacing.
  • The findings provide practical rules of thumb for selecting polymer solutions and process parameters, enabling the creation of complex, hierarchical fiber structures.
  • This research is expected to advance the development of novel materials for applications including advanced cell scaffolds and sensor technologies.