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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

23.4K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

1.4K
Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

18.6K
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
18.6K

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Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
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Optimizing Polymer Solar Cells Using Non-Halogenated Solvent Blends.

Guler Kocak1, Desta Gedefaw2,3, Mats R Andersson4

  • 1Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia. guler.kocak@flinders.edu.au.

Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmentally friendly polymer solar cells utilizing poly(2,5-thiophene-alt-4,9-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-4,9-dihydrodithieno[3,2-c:3

Keywords:
OPVenvironmentally friendlymorphologynon-halogenatedsolvent additive

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Development of efficient and sustainable polymer solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for renewable energy.
  • Traditional PSC fabrication often relies on halogenated solvents and additives, posing environmental concerns.
  • Optimizing morphology and performance of PSCs requires careful selection of processing solvents and additives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct more environmentally friendly PSCs using a novel donor polymer, PTNT.
  • To investigate the impact of non-halogenated solvents and additives on PSC performance.
  • To compare the efficiency of eco-friendly processing systems with conventional halogenated ones.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of bulk heterojunction PSCs with PTNT as the donor and PC71BM as the acceptor.
  • Utilized non-halogenated solvents (o-xylene) and additives (MN, PN) for processing.
  • Employed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to analyze film surface morphology.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high open-circuit voltage of 0.9 V and fill factor of ~70%.
  • Eco-friendly o-xylene/MN solvent systems yielded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 6%.
  • Demonstrated a 20% PCE increase compared to devices processed with chlorinated solvents (o-DCB).

Conclusions:

  • Environmentally benign solvent systems can significantly enhance PSC performance.
  • The developed PTNT-based PSCs offer a promising route towards sustainable organic photovoltaics.
  • Reduced environmental impact processing leads to improved device efficiency and potential for wider adoption.