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Related Concept Videos

Osmosis00:47

Osmosis

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Approximately 60% to 95% of the weight of living organisms is attributed to water. Therefore, maintaining appropriate water balance within cells is of paramount importance. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell’s plasma membrane. In living organisms, water plays a crucial role as a solvent—a molecule that dissolves other molecules.
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Osmosis01:30

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Osmosis is the movement of free water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.  The water's concentration gradient across the membrane is inversely proportional to the solutes' concentration. Whereas diffusion transports material across membranes and within cells, osmosis transports only water across a membrane, and the membrane limits the diffusion of solutes in the water. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion.
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A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
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Polymer Having Dicationic Structure in Dumbbell Shape for Forward Osmosis Process.

Taehyung Kim1, Changha Ju2, Chanhyuk Park3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea. xogud1290@donga.ac.kr.

Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New thermal-responsive polymers, poly(alkane-1,#-diylbis(tri-n-butylphosphonium) 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate) (PSSBP#), show promise as draw solutes for forward osmosis (FO) due to their efficient water flux and easy recovery.

Keywords:
dicationic structuredraw soluteforward osmosislower critical solution temperature (LCST)recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Forward osmosis (FO) requires efficient draw solutes for water recovery.
  • Thermal-responsive polymers offer potential for tunable separation properties.
  • Low critical solution temperature (LCST) is crucial for draw solute regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize novel thermal-responsive polymers (PSSBP#) for FO applications.
  • Evaluate their performance as draw solutes in FO processes.
  • Investigate the relationship between polymer structure and FO performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of poly(alkane-1,#-diylbis(tri-n-butylphosphonium) 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate) polymers (PSSBP#).
  • Determination of low critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) for PSSBP# aqueous solutions.
  • Assessment of water flux and reverse solute flux in a forward osmosis system using PSSBP4 as the draw solute.

Main Results:

  • PSSBP# polymers exhibited LCSTs around 26-38 °C, suitable for energy-efficient recovery.
  • A 20 wt% PSSBP4 draw solution achieved a water flux of 1.61 LMH and reverse solute flux of 0.91 gMH.
  • The polymers demonstrated good osmotic performance and efficient recovery characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • PSSBP# polymers are effective thermal-responsive draw solutes for forward osmosis.
  • Their tunable LCST and efficient recovery position them as next-generation draw solutes.
  • This research inspires novel polymer designs for advanced separation technologies.