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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Shearing Stress01:19

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
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Shearing Strain01:20

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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In the study of beam mechanics, shear diagrams play a crucial role in understanding the distribution of shear forces along the length of a beam. Consider a beam AB that is supported at both ends and subjected to perpendicular loads.
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Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

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The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
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Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Active Brownian Filamentous Polymers under Shear Flow.

Aitor Martín-Gómez1, Gerhard Gompper2, Roland G Winkler3

  • 1Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. a.gomez@fz-juelich.de.

Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Active polymers in shear flow exhibit complex behaviors. Activity enhances deformation and alignment, leading to shear thinning, with unique effects on semiflexible polymers.

Keywords:
active Brownian particleactive polymercolored noisepolymer conformationspolymer dynamicsrheologysemiflexible polymerviscosity

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Understanding the behavior of polymers under flow is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
  • Active polymers, which can generate their own motion, introduce unique complexities compared to passive polymers.
  • Previous models often simplified the interplay between polymer activity and external forces like shear flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically investigate the conformational and rheological properties of active filaments/polymers subjected to shear flow.
  • To derive expressions for deformation, orientation, relaxation times, and viscosity as functions of polymer properties and flow conditions.
  • To elucidate the coupling between polymer activity and shear flow and its impact on material behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the continuous Gaussian semiflexible polymer model, incorporating active properties.
  • Derived analytical expressions to describe polymer deformation, orientation, and relaxation dynamics.
  • Analyzed the influence of persistence length, shear rate, and activity on rheological properties.

Main Results:

  • The model predicts Weissenberg-number dependent shear-induced deformation, alignment, and shear thinning, similar to passive polymers.
  • Activity enhances shear-induced deformation in flexible polymers.
  • Semiflexible polymers show nonmonotonic deformation due to activity-induced shrinkage and swelling; activity-induced swelling enhances alignment and shear thinning for all stiffnesses.

Conclusions:

  • Active polymer behavior in shear flow is intimately coupled with flow conditions and intrinsic polymer properties.
  • Activity can significantly alter polymer conformation and rheology, often enhancing shear thinning effects.
  • At high activity levels, polymer behavior becomes universal, independent of length and stiffness, with distinct shear-rate dependencies.