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Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.6K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

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Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Gene Editing in Bamboo Leaves for Sustainable Plastic Alternatives
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Polymers from Bamboo Extracts Produced by Laccase.

Jing Su1,2, Cheng Wang3, Jennifer Noro4

  • 1International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. jingsu@ceb.uminho.pt.

Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a green method to create polymers from bamboo powder using laccase enzyme. The process enhances material hardness and offers new ways to utilize lignocellulosic resources.

Keywords:
bamboo powderbamboo tabletslaccaseoxidationphenolic compound extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Polymer Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Lignocellulosic biomass offers a sustainable source for novel materials.
  • Developing eco-friendly methods for polymer production is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a green methodology for producing polymers from bamboo powder.
  • To explore the use of laccase enzyme in polymer synthesis and material enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized extraction of bamboo components using acetate buffer under boiling conditions.
  • Enzymatic oxidation of bamboo extracts with native laccase from *Myceliophthora thermophila*.
  • Analysis of polymerization via reduction of hydroxyl content and ¹H NMR spectroscopy.
  • Evaluation of material hardness through high compression and curing of bamboo powder with and without laccase.

Main Results:

  • Efficient polymerization of bamboo extracts was confirmed by reduced hydroxyl content and ¹H NMR data.
  • Bamboo tablets produced with laccase exhibited significantly higher hardness.
  • Laccase facilitated the precipitation of colloidal lignin and phenolic extractives, enhancing material properties.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, green method for producing bamboo-derived polymers using laccase oxidation has been established.
  • This approach demonstrates the potential for creating new oligomers/polymers from lignocellulosic materials.
  • The findings open avenues for direct enzymatic application on bamboo powder for material development.