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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

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Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Sulfonated Binaphthyl-Containing Poly(arylene ether ketone)s with Rigid Backbone and Excellent Film-Forming

Wenmeng Zhang1, Shaoyun Chen2, Dongyang Chen3

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China. wenmeng_zhang@163.com.

Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) were synthesized using binaphthyl units for enhanced proton exchange membranes (PEMs). These SPAEKs show superior proton conductivity and stability compared to existing materials.

Keywords:
binaphthylcondensation polymerizationfilm-forming capabilitypost-sulfonationproton exchange membranes

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Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are crucial for fuel cells and electrochemical devices.
  • Developing high-performance PEMs with improved proton conductivity and stability is an ongoing challenge.
  • Aromatic polymers offer potential for robust PEMs but often face limitations in solubility and conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) incorporating sterically hindered (S)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships of these SPAEKs for potential application as PEMs.
  • To evaluate the thermal, mechanical, water uptake, and proton conductivity properties of the synthesized SPAEKs.

Main Methods:

  • Copolymerization of (S)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol with 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol and 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone to form poly(arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs).
  • Selective sulfonation of PAEKs using chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO₃H) to yield SPAEKs with varying ion exchange capacities (IECs).
  • Characterization of chemical structures using 2D ¹H⁻¹H COSY NMR and FT-IR; evaluation of properties including thermal stability, water uptake, swelling, proton conductivity, oxidative stability, and mechanical strength.

Main Results:

  • Fibrous PAEKs and subsequently SPAEKs with IECs ranging from 1.40 to 1.89 mmol·g⁻¹ were successfully synthesized.
  • The binaphthyl unit imparted excellent solubility and film-forming properties to the SPAEKs.
  • SPAEK-50 (IEC = 1.89 mmol·g⁻¹) achieved a high proton conductivity of 102 mS·cm⁻¹ at 30 °C, surpassing Nafion N212 and other aromatic analogs.
  • The enhanced conductivity is attributed to the large intrinsic free volume from twisted chain structures and favorable morphology.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized SPAEKs, particularly SPAEK-50, exhibit promising properties for PEM applications.
  • The unique conjugated, non-coplanar binaphthyl structure contributes to high proton conductivity, water affinity, thermal stability, and mechanical integrity.
  • These SPAEKs represent a viable alternative to conventional PEM materials for membrane separation technologies.