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Fabrice Berna1,2,3,4, Anja S Göritz5, Amaury Mengin6

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Medical Sociology
  • Patient Behavior Studies

Background:

  • Integrative and complementary health approaches (ICHA) are frequently used by individuals with chronic illnesses.
  • Previous research often assumes a fixed propensity for ICHA use, overlooking situational and individual variability.
  • Attitudes towards ICHA can be complementary (in addition to conventional) or alternative (in place of conventional) and vary between and within individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate distinct patterns of attitudes towards ICHA among individuals hypothetically facing chronic illnesses.
  • To examine how illness characteristics, such as severity and clinical expression, influence ICHA preferences.
  • To differentiate between complementary and alternative attitudes toward ICHA.

Main Methods:

  • A web-based study involving 1807 participants who responded to clinical vignettes describing various chronic illnesses (mental and somatic).
  • Participants rated perceived illness distress, social stigma, and treatability, alongside their beliefs in treatment effectiveness and preferences.
  • Four treatment choice patterns were identified: strictly conventional, weak or strong complementary, and alternative, analyzed using Bayesian methods.

Main Results:

  • Over 95% of participants selected ICHA as a complementary treatment option.
  • Complementary attitudes towards ICHA were significantly more prevalent than alternative attitudes.
  • Factors influencing ICHA preference included employment status, illness severity, age, perceived distress, social stigma, and treatability.
  • The inclusion of illness labels in vignettes altered treatment preference patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that "medical pluralism," integrating ICHA with conventional care, is the typical approach for individuals with chronic mental or somatic illnesses.
  • Attitudes towards ICHA are dynamic and influenced by specific illness contexts.
  • Understanding patient attitudes toward ICHA is essential for comprehending their motivations for use and for effective healthcare integration.