Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

628
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
628
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

1.6K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.6K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.4K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.4K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

699
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
699
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.3K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.3K
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

434
Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
434

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Peri-anaesthetic adverse events and their risk factors in 316 pet rabbits undergoing general anaesthesia: a multicentric, retrospective study.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2026
Same author

Skin Surgery in Exotic Companion Mammals.

The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice·2026
Same author

Machine learning-assisted gait analysis for lameness detection in heterogeneous dog populations.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2026
Same author

Perceived Educational Value and Enjoyment of Mandatory Research Assignment by Final-Year Veterinary Medicine Students.

Journal of medical education and curricular development·2026
Same author

An e-survey study on the practice of recruitment manoeuvres in dogs among board-certified veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia specialists.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2025
Same author

Diagnosis and treatment of inguinal midline abdominal wall herniation of the urinary bladder in three domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Topics in companion animal medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats
08:55

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Published on: April 15, 2016

9.9K

Locoregional Anesthesia in Exotic Pets.

Dario d'Ovidio1, Chiara Adami2

  • 1Private Practitioner, Via Cristoforo Colombo 118, Arzano, NA 80022, Italy.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Locoregional techniques provide better pain relief for exotic pets undergoing surgery, reducing the need for systemic pain medications. This review details methods for mammals, birds, and reptiles using advanced guidance. Keywords: locoregional analgesia, exotic pets, perioperative pain management, veterinary surgery.

Keywords:
AnalgesiaExotic petsLocoregional anesthesiaNerve stimulatorUltrasonography

More Related Videos

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction
10:46

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction

Published on: December 19, 2013

12.3K
Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
10:35

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: September 20, 2015

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats
08:55

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Published on: April 15, 2016

9.9K
MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction
10:46

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction

Published on: December 19, 2013

12.3K
Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
10:35

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: September 20, 2015

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Exotic Animal Medicine
  • Surgical Pain Management

Background:

  • Locoregional techniques are crucial for managing perioperative pain in exotic animals.
  • Minimizing systemic analgesics is vital due to potential toxicity and side effects in exotic species.
  • Invasive surgeries in exotic pets necessitate advanced pain management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize locoregional analgesia techniques for exotic mammals, birds, and reptiles.
  • To highlight techniques utilizing ultrasonographic or nerve stimulator guidance.
  • To provide a resource for veterinarians seeking to improve pain management in exotic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on locoregional anesthesia in exotic animals.
  • Focus on techniques applicable to mammals, birds, and reptiles.
  • Inclusion of methods employing ultrasonography and nerve stimulators for precise guidance.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasonographic and nerve stimulator-guided techniques offer precise and effective locoregional analgesia in various exotic species.
  • These methods allow for targeted nerve blockade, improving surgical outcomes and patient recovery.
  • The reviewed techniques demonstrate feasibility and efficacy across diverse exotic animal groups.

Conclusions:

  • Locoregional anesthesia guided by ultrasound or nerve stimulators is a valuable tool for perioperative pain control in exotic pets.
  • Implementing these advanced techniques can significantly enhance analgesia and reduce systemic drug requirements.
  • Further research and dissemination of these techniques are encouraged to advance exotic animal welfare.