Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Impact of Groups on Groups01:19

Impact of Groups on Groups

238
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
238
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

59.5K
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
59.5K
Impact01:30

Impact

487
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
487
Speed of a Transverse Wave01:13

Speed of a Transverse Wave

3.9K
The speed of a wave depends on the characteristics of the medium. For example, in the case of a guitar, the strings vibrate to produce the sound. The speed of the waves on the strings and the wavelength determine the frequency of the sound produced. The strings on a guitar have different thicknesses but may be made of similar material. They have different linear densities, and the linear density is defined as the mass per length.
One of the key properties of any wave is the wave speed. Light...
3.9K
Speed of Sound in Gases01:08

Speed of Sound in Gases

4.0K
The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly compressible. Hence, sound waves travel slowly through gases. Thermodynamics helps us understand the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of gases, thus, the speed of sound in an ideal gas can be determined using the laws of thermodynamics. At the same time, Newton's laws of motion and the continuity equation of fluid dynamics also come...
4.0K
Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

5.4K
The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
5.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Migration of missile fragments into the heart via the cerebral venous sinuses: A report of 3 cases and a comprehensive review of the literature.

Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi·2026
Same journal

Normothermic machine perfusion in the preservation of amputated limbs: A review of research progress.

Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi·2026
Same journal

Clinical impact of cerebral near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy on the management of severe traumatic brain injury.

Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi·2026
Same journal

Predictors of retained hemothorax in patients with penetrating thoracic trauma.

Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi·2026
Same journal

Two-stage knee arthroplasty in a patient with chronic osteomyelitis and an extensive metaphyseal-diaphyseal femoral bone defect: A case report.

Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi·2026
Same journal

Ogilvie's syndrome after orthopedic trauma surgery: A case report.

Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

12.0K

Muscle activity during low-speed rear impact.

O'Driscoll Olive1, Magnusson Marianne2, Pope Malcolm Henry3

  • 1Liberty Safe Work Research Centre, Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZP, Scotland, UK; AventaMed, Rubicon Centre, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.

Chinese Journal of Traumatology = Zhonghua Chuang Shang Za Zhi
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cervical muscles activate significantly during rear-impact collisions, influencing whiplash biomechanics. This finding suggests incorporating muscular responses into crash test dummies for better biofidelity.

Keywords:
Crash dummiesElectromyographyImpactNeck musclesSledWhiplash

More Related Videos

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats
06:17

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2019

5.2K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing the Rearing Procedure of Germ-Free Wasps
05:39

Author Spotlight: Optimizing the Rearing Procedure of Germ-Free Wasps

Published on: July 21, 2023

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

12.0K
A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats
06:17

A Task for Assessing the Impact of a Partner on the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Performance in Rats

Published on: October 17, 2019

5.2K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing the Rearing Procedure of Germ-Free Wasps
05:39

Author Spotlight: Optimizing the Rearing Procedure of Germ-Free Wasps

Published on: July 21, 2023

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Injury Mechanisms

Background:

  • Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) pose significant healthcare and societal costs.
  • The role of cervical muscles in WAD etiology is debated.
  • Previous assumptions suggested limited involvement of cervical muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cervical muscle activity during rear-end impacts.
  • To assess the influence of muscle activity on the etiology of whiplash-associated disorders.
  • To challenge the notion that cervical muscles do not play a significant role.

Main Methods:

  • Volunteers underwent sub-injury level rear impacts.
  • Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded cervical muscle activity.
  • Analysis of muscle response time and EMG signal amplitude.
  • Head, pelvis, and T1 acceleration data were collected.

Main Results:

  • Cervical muscles showed significant activation post-impact.
  • Sternocleidomastoideus, trapezius, and erector spinae activated within 59-84 ms.
  • Muscle activation occurred before peak head acceleration (113 ms).

Conclusions:

  • Cervical muscles react in time to influence whiplash biomechanics and injury.
  • Muscular influences should be integrated into future rear-impact crash test dummy design.
  • Enhanced biofidelity of crash test dummies is crucial for WAD research.