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Blood Microbiome Profile in CKD : A Pilot Study.

Neal B Shah1, Andrew S Allegretti1, Sagar U Nigwekar1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This pilot study reveals distinct blood microbiome profiles in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), showing reduced diversity and altered bacterial composition compared to healthy individuals. These findings highlight potential blood microbiome alterations in CKD progression.

Keywords:
Blood microbiomeCross-Sectional StudiesDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalDysbiosisEndotoxemiaEnterobacteriaceaeMetagenomicsMicrobiotaPermeabilityPilot ProjectsPolymerase Chain ReactionProteobacteriaPseudomonadaceaeRenal Insufficiency, ChronicSequence Analysis, DNAchronic kidney diseaseglomerular filtration rate

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Nephrology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gut dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and endotoxemia are linked to inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • The circulating microbiome in CKD patients remains largely unstudied.
  • This pilot study investigates blood microbiome differences in CKD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the blood microbiome profile between patients with CKD and healthy controls.
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa and diversity changes in the blood of CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 20 non-diabetic CKD patients and 20 healthy controls.
  • 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) quantitative PCR and targeted metagenomic sequencing of blood buffy coat samples.
  • Analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and microbial diversity (Chao1 index).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in 22 OTUs were observed between CKD patients and controls.
  • CKD patients exhibited lower alpha diversity (Chao1 index) in their blood microbiome (127±18 vs. 145±31, P=0.04).
  • Increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae was noted in CKD patients; GFR inversely correlated with Proteobacteria (r=-0.54, P≤0.01).

Conclusions:

  • The circulating microbiome profile differs qualitatively in CKD patients.
  • Lower alpha diversity and significant taxonomic variations characterize the blood microbiome in CKD.
  • These findings suggest a distinct blood microbiome signature associated with CKD.