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Differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 between Appropriate Neonates between
Yessi Ardiani1, Defrin Defrin2, Husna Yetti3
1Postgraduate Program in Midwifery Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia.
Insights
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) was higher in normal birth weight neonates, while Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was higher in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) neonates. This suggests differing roles for these factors in fetal growth and development.
Area of Science:
- Perinatology and Neonatology
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Reproductive Medicine
Background:
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is associated with impaired fetal growth, potentially due to uteroplacental insufficiency.
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are implicated in placental development and angiogenesis, key processes affected in IUGR.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the differential expression of BDNF and MMP-9 in neonates with normal birth weight versus those with IUGR.
- To elucidate the potential roles of BDNF and MMP-9 in the pathophysiology of IUGR.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 62 neonates (31 normal birth weight, 31 IUGR) in Padang city.
- Umbilical cord blood samples were collected and analyzed for BDNF and MMP-9 levels using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
- Statistical analysis included the unpaired T-test to compare levels between groups.
Main Results:
- BDNF levels were significantly higher in normal birth weight neonates (1.58 ± 0.23 ng/ml) compared to IUGR neonates (1.25 ± 0.35 ng/ml; p=0.001).
- MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in IUGR neonates (1.25 ± 0.35 ng/ml) compared to normal birth weight neonates (1.09 ± 0.20 ng/ml; p=0.03).
Conclusions:
- BDNF levels are significantly elevated in normal birth weight neonates, suggesting a supportive role in healthy fetal growth.
- Elevated MMP-9 levels in IUGR neonates indicate a potential association with restricted fetal development.
- These findings highlight distinct roles for BDNF and MMP-9 in fetal growth regulation and IUGR.
Background:
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) was defined as the growth of the fetus less than its normal potential growth due to genetic and environmental factors. One of the most widely believed causes of IUGR was impaired uteroplacental mechanism from mother to fetus. Furthermore, factor which was thought to affect placental growth was due to the influence of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) which play an important role in angiogenesis.
Aim:
This study aims to determine differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and moderately mature Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) between normal birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction.
Material And Methods:
The study design was a cross-sectional study at four hospitals in Padang city from August 2017-January 2018. The sample of this study was umbilical cord blood of appropriate gestational age neonate with normal birth weight (31 neonates) and IUGR (31 neonates) by consecutive sampling, samples taken from mothers who meet inclusion criteria. BDNF and MMP-9 levels were analysed by ELISA. The differences between normal birth weight and IUGR test were followed by unpaired T-test.
Results:
The results showed that BDNF levels in normal neonates was 1.58 ± 0.23 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 ng/ml (p = 0.001). MMP-9 levels in normal neonates was 1.09 ± 0.20 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 (p = 0.03).
Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study was BDNF of moderately mature neonates was significantly higher in normal birth weight compared to intrauterine growth restriction, and the moderately high MMP-9 neonates were significantly higher in intrauterine growth restriction compared with normal birth weight.
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