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Area of Science:

  • Cryobiology
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The established box-in-box (BIB) offers reliable, passive cooling but is limited to -80°C freezers.
  • Transferring samples to liquid nitrogen can compromise sample integrity.
  • Existing BIB devices are not designed for direct immersion in liquid nitrogen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a "smart" box-in-box (BIB) device suitable for direct immersion in liquid nitrogen.
  • To achieve controlled cooling rates for biological samples during cryogenic storage and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the impact of varying wall thickness and materials on cooling rates.
  • Conducted experimental measurements of cooling rates for different BIB configurations.
  • Employed computational modeling to validate experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • A solid cassette BIB with a 10 mm wall thickness demonstrated an average cooling rate of 7°C/min.
  • Hollow BIBs filled with polystyrene and aerogel exhibited average cooling rates of 2.5°C/min and 1.5°C/min, respectively.
  • Cooling rates were successfully modulated by altering BIB design parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The cooling rate of samples within a BIB can be precisely controlled by adjusting wall thickness.
  • The choice of filling material in hollow BIBs significantly influences the cooling rate for liquid nitrogen immersion.
  • Developed BIB technology offers a viable solution for controlled cryogenic sample preservation.