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Early predictors of functional disability in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Abdulkadir Tunç1

  • 1Clinic of Neurology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. drkadirtunc@hotmail.com.

Acta Neurologica Belgica
|April 10, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Predictors of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) prognosis were identified. Low albumin, sodium, and high CSF protein levels at admission indicated poor GBS prognosis. Higher age, elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and CRP levels predicted worse outcomes after one month.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system.
  • Understanding prognostic factors is crucial for managing GBS and predicting patient outcomes.
  • Previous studies have explored various clinical and laboratory markers, but a comprehensive analysis of early predictors is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate predictors of prognosis at admission and after the first month in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients.
  • To identify clinical and laboratory parameters associated with GBS severity and recovery.
  • To correlate specific biomarkers with disability scores at different time points.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records for 81 GBS patients.
  • Collection of demographic data, medical history, neurological examination findings, and laboratory results (including CSF analysis and electrophysiological studies).
  • Assessment of Hughes disability scores (HDSs) at admission, day 1, and month 1; correlation with clinical and biochemical parameters.

Main Results:

  • Lower admission HDS scores correlated with lower plasma sodium and albumin levels, and higher CSF protein levels.
  • Poor prognosis at one month was significantly associated with higher age, lower plasma sodium and albumin levels, elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and increased CSF protein.
  • Concomitant cranial nerve palsies were linked to lower HDS scores, while antecedent events showed no significant correlation with functional disability.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased albumin and sodium levels, along with increased CSF protein levels at admission, are indicators of poor GBS prognosis.
  • Advanced age, elevated NLR, and higher CRP levels at one month post-admission predict a worse prognosis in GBS patients.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore their clinical utility in GBS management.

Keywords:
Guillain–Barré syndromeHughes disability scoreMarkerPredictors of outcome

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