Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biodiversity and Human Values01:24

Biodiversity and Human Values

16.7K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
16.7K
Professional Values01:29

Professional Values

10.5K
Nurses are responsible for caring for patients during birth, death, illness, and healing. Professional values guide the decisions and actions that nurses make in their careers. If nurses know the decisions and actions to take, providing patients with exceptional care is possible.
The values that are the foundation of the nursing profession are altruism, autonomy, human dignity, and social justice.
First, altruism refers to the concern for the welfare and well-being of others without personal...
10.5K
Critical Values01:31

Critical Values

10.2K
A critical value is a definite value obtained from a particular probability distribution at a predecided confidence level (or a predecided significance level) for a given population parameter. The critical value provides demarcation that separates the sample statistics that are likely to occur from the ones that are unlikely to occur based on the given probability distribution and the population parameter to be estimated. The critical value for normal distribution is obtained from the z...
10.2K
z Scores and Unusual Values01:07

z Scores and Unusual Values

11.0K
The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
 This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...
11.0K
Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

59
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
59
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.6K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluating the Artificial Intelligence Driven Monitoring System Notifications: Clear Aligner and Oral Hygiene Perspectives.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2026
Same author

Effects of Thermocycling with Two Different Curing Techniques on Enamel Micro-Cracks Formation, Debonding, and Failure Modes of Ceramic Brackets: An In Vitro Study.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB129, a Covalent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2024
Same author

The utility of adaptive eLearning data in predicting dental students' learning performance in a blended learning course.

International journal of medical education·2023
Same author

Effectiveness of AI-driven remote monitoring technology in improving oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2023
Same author

Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Saudi Primary School Children: Incidence and Risk Factors.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same journal

Follow-up of periapical inflammation after root canal retreatment and surgical endodontic treatment using dental-dedicated magnetic resonance imaging: a case report.

Oral radiology·2026
Same journal

A sample application designed for detection of teeth and jaw bone from cone-beam computed tomography images using deep learning methods.

Oral radiology·2026
Same journal

Parotid pleomorphic adenoma: can a biopsy be omitted in the setting of a characteristic MRI?

Oral radiology·2026
Same journal

CBCT-MRI-based prediction models for stratifying anterior disc displacement in orthodontic patients: development and independent internal validation of a retrospective diagnostic study.

Oral radiology·2026
Same journal

Deep Learning in Dental Imaging: Advances, Challenges, and Future.

Oral radiology·2026
Same journal

Demographic and structural indicators of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in asymptomatic adults: a cone-beam computed tomography-based multivariate analysis.

Oral radiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

10.8K

Developing pediatric three-dimensional upper airway normative values using fixed and interactive thresholds.

Ahmed I Masoud1,2, Farhan H Alwadei3, Abdurahman H Alwadei4

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. aemasoud@kau.edu.sa.

Oral Radiology
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) software significantly impacts pediatric upper airway measurements. Dolphin 3D yielded larger values than Invivo5, crucial for diagnosing pediatric sleep apnea.

Keywords:
AdenoidsAirwayCBCTOSASleep apnea

More Related Videos

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions
07:39

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions

Published on: November 17, 2021

3.9K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

18.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

10.8K
Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions
07:39

Co-culture of Glutamatergic Neurons and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Cells Into Microfluidic Devices to Assess Electrical Interactions

Published on: November 17, 2021

3.9K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

18.5K

Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Imaging
  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Accurate pediatric upper airway measurements are vital for diagnosing sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is increasingly used for airway analysis.
  • Software variations can influence measurement outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish three-dimensional normative values for the pediatric upper airway.
  • To compare measurements obtained from two common CBCT software packages: Invivo5 and Dolphin 3D.
  • To assess the reliability of these measurement methods.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 81 pediatric CBCT scans (ages 7-17).
  • Measurements were performed using Invivo5 (fixed threshold) and Dolphin 3D (interactive threshold).
  • Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to evaluate intra- and inter-rater reliability.

Main Results:

  • Both software packages demonstrated good reliability (ICC > 0.9).
  • Dolphin 3D produced significantly larger volumetric and area measurements compared to Invivo5 (p < 0.05).
  • Mean minimal cross-sectional areas (MCSA) differed notably between software: Dolphin 3D (151-177 mm²) vs. Invivo5 (120-145 mm²).

Conclusions:

  • Software choice significantly affects pediatric upper airway volumetric and area measurements.
  • Clinicians should be aware of these software-specific differences when interpreting CBCT data.
  • The study provides normative values to aid in the diagnosis and management of pediatric sleep apnea.