Female genital tuberculosis: Revisited

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Gynecology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is typically secondary to pulmonary or abdominal TB.
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary causative agent, spreading via hematogenous, lymphatic, or direct routes.
• FGTB affects fallopian tubes (90%), endometrium (70%), and ovaries (25%), leading to menstrual dysfunction and infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of female genital tuberculosis.
• To highlight the impact of FGTB on reproductive health.
• To discuss current and emerging management strategies for FGTB.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches for FGTB.
• Description of standard multi-drug antitubercular treatment regimens.
• Discussion of evolving treatment protocols, including newer drugs and diagnostics for drug-resistant cases.

Main Results:

• FGTB commonly affects the fallopian tubes, endometrium, and ovaries.
• Diagnosis relies on history, clinical examination, and investigations like endometrial biopsy.
• Standard treatment involves prolonged multi-drug therapy, with newer approaches for drug-resistant strains.

Conclusions:

• FGTB is a significant cause of infertility and menstrual issues in women.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate multi-drug treatment are crucial for managing FGTB.
• Advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics are improving outcomes for drug-resistant FGTB.