Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Colombia: Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Factors

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Dentistry
• Dental Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental defect of enamel affecting permanent molars and incisors.
• Understanding MIH prevalence and risk factors is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of MIH in schoolchildren aged 6–15 in Medellin, Colombia.
• To identify potential etiological factors during pregnancy and early childhood linked to MIH development.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective observational study involving 1,075 schoolchildren residing in Medellin.
• Data collection included maternal questionnaires on gestational and early childhood factors, and clinical MIH diagnosis by calibrated examiners using European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria.
• Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and linear regression.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of MIH was found to be 11.2% among the studied schoolchildren.
• The majority of MIH defects (85%) were classified as mild.
• Significant associations were identified between MIH and alterations during the last gestational trimester, type of childbirth, and respiratory problems in early childhood.

Conclusions:

• MIH prevalence in Medellin schoolchildren aged 6–15 is 11.2%, with a predominance of mild enamel defects.
• Factors during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first three years of life, including respiratory issues, are associated with MIH development.