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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
Published on: June 17, 2014
Imidazole, a New Tunable Reagent for Producing Nanocellulose, Part I: Xylan-Coated CNCs and CNFs
Jia Mao1,2, Hatem Abushammala3,4, Hubert Hettegger5
1Chair of Forest Biomaterials, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany. jia.mao@biomat.uni-freiburg.de.
Abstract:
Imidazole is reported to be an effective reactant for the production of nanocellulose from hardwood pulp. The morphologies and surface properties of the nanocellulose can be simply tailored according to the water content in the imidazole system: with pure imidazole, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in a yield of 10 wt % can be produced. With 25 wt % of water in imidazole, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are obtained in 20 wt % yield. Both nanocelluloses exhibit crystallinity indices in the order of 70%. Interestingly, they retain the original xylan from the pulp with ca. 9⁻10 wt % of residual xylan content.
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