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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

21.5K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
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Isomerism02:43

Isomerism

23.1K
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...
23.1K
Isomerism in Alkenes02:01

Isomerism in Alkenes

14.8K
Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...
14.8K
Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

12.8K
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
12.8K
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

14.6K
Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent...
14.6K
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

6.1K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
6.1K

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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Synthetic Methodology for Asymmetric Ferrocene Derived Bio-conjugate Systems via Solid Phase Resin-based Methodology
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Bio-Based Poly(Ether Imide)s from Isohexide-Derived Isomeric Dianhydrides.

Xiaodong Ji1, Zikun Wang2, Zhen Wang3,4

  • 1Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China. jixiaodong@nimte.ac.cn.

Polymers
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New chiral poly(ether imide)s (PEIs) were synthesized from isohexide-derived monomers. These bio-based polymers exhibit good mechanical and optical properties, comparable to petroleum-based alternatives, though with lower thermo-oxidative stability.

Keywords:
isohexidesisomeric dianhydridespoly(ether imide)s

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Poly(ether imide)s (PEIs) are high-performance polymers with diverse applications.
  • Developing sustainable and functional PEIs from bio-based resources is an ongoing research area.
  • Chiral polymers offer unique optical properties and potential for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel isohexide-derived isomeric dianhydrides.
  • To develop poly(ether imide)s (PEIs) using these bio-based monomers via one-step solution polymerization.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships, including isomeric effects, of the resulting PEIs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four isohexide-derived isomeric dianhydrides.
  • One-step solution polymerization of dianhydrides with diamines.
  • Characterization of PEIs' solubility, thermal, mechanical, optical, and thermo-oxidative properties.
  • Comparative study of isomeric effects on polymer properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized isohexide-derived PEIs with viscosities ranging from 0.41 to 2.40 dL∙g-1.
  • The synthesized PEIs showed comparable glass transition temperatures, tensile strengths, and moduli to petroleum-based PEIs.
  • PEIs exhibited good optical activity due to chiral isohexide moieties, but lower thermo-oxidative stability.
  • 4,4'-linked PEIs had lower Tg, higher mechanical properties, and higher specific rotations than 3,3'-linked counterparts.
  • Isomannide-based polyimides showed higher Tg and specific rotations than isosorbide-based ones.

Conclusions:

  • Isohexide-derived PEIs represent a promising class of bio-based polymers with tunable properties.
  • Isomeric structure significantly influences the thermal and mechanical properties, as well as optical activity.
  • Further research can focus on enhancing the thermo-oxidative stability for broader applications.