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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

70.2K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

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Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Ionic Liquid-Based Thermoplastic Solid Electrolytes Processed by Solvent-Free Procedures.

Francisco González1, Víctor Gregorio2, Aitor Rubio3

  • 1Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. fgonzalez@ictp.csic.es.

Polymers
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

New thermoplastic polymer electrolytes using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and ionic liquids offer high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. These safe, non-flammable solid electrolytes are ideal for advanced energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors.

Keywords:
energy storageionic liquidspolymer electrolytessolid electrolytesthermoplastic electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Solid polymer electrolytes are crucial for safe and efficient energy storage devices.
  • Developing mechanically stable and highly conductive polymer electrolytes remains a significant challenge.
  • Traditional polymer electrolytes often suffer from low ionic conductivity and poor mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel thermoplastic polymer electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical stability.
  • To investigate the effect of ionic liquid concentration and cross-linker on electrolyte properties.
  • To evaluate the suitability of these materials for energy storage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Melt compounding of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI), and room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) or TFSI anions.
  • Utilizing sepiolite modified with d-α-tocoferol-polyethyleneglycol 1000 succinate (TPGS-S) as a physical cross-linker.
  • Characterization of rheology and ionic conductivity (σ) at various temperatures and compositions.

Main Results:

  • Developed safe, non-flammable thermoplastic polymer electrolytes processed solvent-free via melt compounding.
  • Achieved excellent crosslinking with TPGS-S, maintaining thermoplastic behavior even with high liquid content (>65 wt%).
  • Electrolytes with high FSI anion concentration exhibited ionic conductivity (σ) >10⁻³ S·cm⁻¹ at 25 °C and ~10⁻² S·cm⁻¹ at 70 °C, remaining solid up to 90 °C.

Conclusions:

  • TPGS-S effectively crosslinks PEO, enabling the creation of mechanically robust thermoplastic polymer electrolytes.
  • The synthesized electrolytes demonstrate high ionic conductivity and excellent thermal stability, suitable for energy storage.
  • These industrially scalable, safe solid thermoplastic electrolytes show great promise for next-generation batteries and supercapacitors.