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Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

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Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
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Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
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Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications
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Fluorinated Polymers as Smart Materials for Advanced Biomedical Applications.

Vanessa F Cardoso1,2, Daniela M Correia3,4, Clarisse Ribeiro5,6

  • 1Centro/Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. vanessa@dei.uminho.pt.

Polymers
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Electroactive fluorinated polymers offer unique properties for diverse applications. This review highlights their characteristics, microstructures, and significant biomedical uses, particularly in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Keywords:
biomedical applicationselectroactivefluorinated polymerspiezoelectricpoly(vinylidene fluoride)

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Fluorinated polymers possess excellent chemical resistance, thermal stability, and electrical properties.
  • Stimuli-responsive fluorinated polymers change properties in response to external stimuli like light, temperature, or pH.
  • These polymers exhibit piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the main characteristics of electroactive fluorinated polymers.
  • To explore their microstructures.
  • To summarize their biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of electroactive fluorinated polymers.
  • Analysis of material properties and microstructures.
  • Compilation of existing biomedical applications.

Main Results:

  • Electroactive fluorinated polymers demonstrate tunable properties for advanced applications.
  • Key characteristics include chemical inertness, thermal stability, and responsiveness to stimuli.
  • Promising biomedical applications include controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microfluidics.

Conclusions:

  • Electroactive fluorinated polymers are versatile materials with significant potential in biomedical fields.
  • Their unique properties enable innovative solutions for drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
  • Further research into their microstructures and stimuli-responsive behaviors will drive future applications.