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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

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According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
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Impulse Response01:17

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The impulse response is the system's reaction to an input impulse. In an RC circuit, the voltage source is the input, and the capacitor's voltage is the output. The system's state and output response before and after input excitation are distinctly defined.
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Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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When one considers a rigid body undergoing a plane motion, which is essentially a blend of translational and rotational movement, the application of Newton's second law gives the formula for the translational movement of such a body. If this equation is multiplied by a time interval, dt, and then integrated over the limits of integration, it results in an equation that embodies the principle of linear impulse.
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Impulse-Momentum Theorem00:49

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The total change in the motion of an object is proportional to the total force vector acting on it and the time over which it acts. This product is called impulse, a vector quantity with the same direction as the total force acting on the object.
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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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Developmental perspectives on risky and impulsive choice.

Gail M Rosenbaum1, Catherine A Hartley1,2

  • 11 Department of Psychology, New York University , New York, NY 10003 , USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Risk taking behavior increases in adolescence but laboratory findings are inconsistent. This review uses behavioral economics to explain developmental changes in risk-taking and impulsivity, linking neurocognitive processes to choice behavior shifts.

Keywords:
behavioural economicsdevelopmentimpulsivityrisk taking

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Real-world risk-taking behavior increases from childhood through adolescence and declines in adulthood.
  • Laboratory studies on developmental patterns of risk-taking and impulsive choice show inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on developmental changes in risk-taking and impulsivity using behavioral economic approaches.
  • To elucidate the cognitive and neural processes underlying risky and impulsive choices across development.
  • To understand how age-related neurocognitive changes influence choice behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature utilizing behavioral economic principles.
  • Analysis of cognitive and neural processes contributing to decision-making.
  • Examination of how task parameters influence risk-taking and impulsivity.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral economics provides a framework for understanding developmental shifts in risk-taking and impulsivity.
  • Specific cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying these changes are being identified.
  • Task parameters significantly modulate risky and impulsive choice behavior across age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental changes in neurocognitive processes drive shifts in risk-taking and impulsive choice behavior.
  • Behavioral economic approaches offer valuable insights into the complexities of adolescent risk-taking.
  • Understanding these developmental trajectories is crucial for theoretical and clinical implications.