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Parasitic cuckoo catfish exploit parental responses to stray offspring.

M Polačik¹, M Reichard¹, C Smith^1,2,3

¹1 The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology , Květná 8, 603 65 Brno , Czech Republic.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

|April 11, 2019

Summary

Cuckoo catfish uniquely re-infect hosts after egg rejection. Their offspring survive independently and exploit host parental care, suggesting a novel evolutionary path for brood parasitism.

Keywords:

brood parasite cichlidae coevolutionary arms race host–parasite evolution

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Behavioral Ecology
Ichthyology

Background:

Interspecific brood parasitism, common in birds and insects, is thought to evolve from intraspecific forms.
Cuckoo catfish (Synodontis multipunctatus) are unique non-avian brood parasites, exploiting mouthbrooding cichlids despite lacking parental care in their lineage.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary origins of brood parasitism in cuckoo catfish.
To experimentally test the capacity of cuckoo catfish to re-infect hosts after egg rejection.

Main Methods:

Experimental manipulation of cuckoo catfish and host cichlid interactions.
Observation of cuckoo catfish offspring survival and re-infection strategies.

Main Results:

Cuckoo catfish offspring can survive independently after host egg rejection.
Offspring re-infect hosts by exploiting parental care instincts at a later incubation stage.
This represents a unique parasitic strategy among known brood parasites.

Conclusions:

Cuckoo catfish brood parasitism may have evolved via a novel pathway, facilitated by host parental responses.
The parental instinct of cichlids to collect stray offspring is key to this parasitic strategy's evolution.