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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with sciatica: a systematic review.

Maarten J Jungen1, Bastiaan C Ter Meulen2,3, Tim van Osch1

  • 1Department of Neurology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review identified numerous inflammatory biomarkers in sciatica patients, but found insufficient evidence to link inflammation levels to clinical symptoms due to study heterogeneity and bias.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCytokinesInflammationInterleukinLumbar disc herniationSciaticaSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Sciatica pathogenesis may involve inflammation.
  • This review examines inflammatory biomarkers and their association with sciatica symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify inflammatory biomarkers associated with sciatica.
  • To determine the relationship between inflammatory activity and clinical symptoms in sciatica patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of observational studies and RCTs published up to December 2018.
  • Included adult sciatica patients with measured inflammatory biomarkers (serum, CSF, biopsies) and clinical outcomes (pain, function).
  • Evaluated study risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool.

Main Results:

  • 16 studies (1212 patients) identified numerous biomarkers including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and hsCRP.
  • Positive correlations found between IL-21, TNF-α, and pain severity (VAS).
  • Increased hsCRP levels were associated with severe sciatica pain (VAS > 4).

Conclusions:

  • Considerable heterogeneity exists in biomarkers and clinical measurements across studies.
  • Overall risk of bias is a concern.
  • Insufficient evidence exists to definitively conclude on the relationship between inflammation and clinical symptoms in sciatica.