Acute kidney injury is associated with low factor XIII in decompensated cirrhosis

The coagulation system is known to be rebalanced but fragile in stable cirrhosis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in these patients and associated with an increased bleeding risk. We aimed to assess coagulation parameters in this population.

We prospectively enrolled 43 hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis with (n = 22) or without (n = 21) AKI. Coagulation factor levels, viscoelastic coagulation assay, and thrombin generation assay were performed and compared between these groups and a healthy reference group.

Conventional markers of coagulation were not statistically different between patients with and without AKI. Factor XIII was significantly reduced in all patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy controls (p = <0.0001). In patients with AKI, factor XIII was significantly lower compared to patients without AKI (AKI 38% vs. non-AKI 60% p = 0.002). In patients with cirrhosis, factor XIII had a significantly positive correlation with EXTEM maximal clot firmness (r = 0.5440, p = 0.0002) and FIBTEM maximal clot firmness (r = 0.7397, p = <0.0001) and a negative correlation with EXTEM clot formation time (-0.413, p = 0.0065).

Factor XIII was significantly reduced in decompensated cirrhosis patients with AKI compared to decompensated patients without AKI. These findings suggest that exacerbation of factor XIII deficiency in AKI in decompensated cirrhosis may affect bleeding risk and warrants further study.