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Relation between Baseline Height and New Diabetes Development: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

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  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

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Shorter stature in Korean adults is linked to a higher risk of developing diabetes. This association was observed in lean individuals and those with normal fasting blood glucose levels.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Short stature is associated with increased risk of diabetes and obesity.
  • The association between short stature and diabetes risk in Asian populations remains understudied.
  • This study investigates the link between short stature and diabetes risk in Koreans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between short stature and the risk of developing diabetes in a large Korean population.
  • To determine if this association differs by sex.
  • To examine the influence of body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels on the height-diabetes risk relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Korean National Health Screening (KNHS) dataset from 2009-2012, including over 21 million non-diabetic individuals.
  • Assessed diabetes development up to 2015 using International Classification of Diseases 10th (ICD-10) codes and anti-diabetic medication prescriptions.
  • Analyzed risk based on age- and sex-dependent quintile groups of baseline height, adjusting for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • A significant inverse association was found between height and diabetes risk; shorter individuals had a higher risk.
  • The hazard ratio for diabetes increased progressively from the tallest to the shortest height quintiles.
  • The protective effect of increased height was more pronounced in lean individuals (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²) and those with normal FBG levels (< 100 mg/dL).

Conclusions:

  • Height is inversely associated with diabetes risk in Korean adults, irrespective of sex.
  • The association between shorter stature and increased diabetes risk is significant, particularly in lean individuals and those with normal fasting blood glucose.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering anthropometric measures like height in diabetes risk assessment within the Asian population.