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Gender dysphoria in adolescent population: A 5-year replication study.

Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino1,2,3, Marja Työläjärvi1, Nina Lindberg4

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|April 11, 2019
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Summary

Gender dysphoria (GD) prevalence appears to have increased in adolescents in Northern Europe. This study examined changes in GD experiences and sex ratios among youth, finding a notable rise in reported cases.

Keywords:
Gender dysphoriaadolescenceprevalenceresearch methodologytransgender identity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Adolescent Health
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Adolescent gender dysphoria (GD) prevalence and sex ratios are subjects of ongoing research.
  • Previous studies indicated a low prevalence of GD in adolescent populations.
  • Understanding trends in GD is crucial for public health and clinical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential increases in the prevalence and changes in the sex ratio of gender dysphoria (GD) among adolescents in Northern Europe.
  • To assess the impact of invalid responding on the study's findings regarding GD.
  • To replicate a previous survey on gender experience in a Finnish adolescent population.

Main Methods:

  • Anonymous classroom surveys on gender experience were administered to junior high school students (aged 16-18) in Tampere, Finland.
  • The Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents (GIDYQ-A) was used to measure gender identity and GD.
  • Surveys were conducted during the 2012-2013 school year and again in 2017, with participation from 318-326 males and 401-701 females across both periods.

Main Results:

  • In 2012-2013, 2.2% of males and 0.5% of females reported potentially clinically significant GD.
  • In 2017, the proportion reporting potentially clinically significant GD rose to 3.6% among males and 2.3% among females.
  • Validity screening significantly impacted the interpretation of results, suggesting a rise in GD prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of gender dysphoria (GD) appears to have increased in the adolescent population studied.
  • Changes in the sex ratio of GD were observed between the survey periods.
  • Methodological considerations, including response validity, are important for accurate GD prevalence estimates.