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The Beliefs in Trichotillomania Scale (BiTS): Factor analyses and preliminary validation
Imogen C Rehm1,2, Maja Nedeljkovic3, Richard Moulding4
1Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
The British Journal of Clinical Psychology
|April 11, 2019
Summary
This study developed the Beliefs in Trichotillomania Scale (BiTS) to measure negative self-beliefs, low coping efficacy, and perfectionism in hair pulling disorder. These beliefs, particularly negative self-beliefs, significantly correlate with symptom severity.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Clinical Psychology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Limited research exists on the role of cognitions and beliefs in trichotillomania (TTM).
- Cognitive therapies are supported for TTM, yet specific belief patterns require further investigation.
- A validated measure is needed to assess relevant beliefs in TTM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Beliefs in TTM Scale (BiTS).
- To identify key belief styles associated with TTM.
- To examine the relationship between these beliefs and hair pulling severity.
Main Methods:
- A 50-item pool was administered online to 841 participants reporting hair pulling behaviors.
- Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to refine the scale.
- The scale was validated using psychometric properties and correlation with symptom severity.
Main Results:
- A 14-item scale comprising three factors was retained: negative self-beliefs, low coping efficacy, and perfectionism.
- All three subscales significantly correlated with increased hair pulling severity.
- Negative self-beliefs predicted TTM severity independently of mood symptoms.
Conclusions:
- The BiTS is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing beliefs in TTM.
- Negative self-beliefs, low coping efficacy, and perfectionism are important targets in TTM.
- Addressing negative self-beliefs may enhance psychological treatments for TTM, independent of comorbid mood symptoms.
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