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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
Published on: June 16, 2022
Fluorine-contained hydroxyapatite suppresses bone resorption through inhibiting osteoclasts differentiation and
Shibo Liu1, Hao Zhou2, Hanghang Liu1
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Objectives:
Fluorine, an organic trace element, has been shown to unfavourably effect osteoclasts function at a low dose. Use of hydroxyapatite (HA) has been effective in exploring its roles in promoting bone repair. In this study, we used HA modified with fluorine to investigate whether it could influence osteoclastic activity in vitro and ovariectomy-induced osteoclasts hyperfunction in vivo.
Materials And Methods:
Fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) was obtained and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Osteoclasts proliferation and apoptosis treated with FHA were assessed by MTT and TUNEL assay. SEM, F-actin, TRAP activity and bone resorption experiment were performed to determine the influence of FHA on osteoclasts differentiation and function. Moreover, HA and FHA were implanted into ovariectomized osteoporotic and sham surgery rats. Histology and Micro-CT were examined for further verification.
Results:
Fluorine released from FHA slowly and sustainably. FHA hampered osteoclasts proliferation, promoted osteoclasts apoptosis, suppressed osteoclasts differentiation and function. Experiments in vivo validated that FHA participation brought about an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts hyperfunction and less bone absorption.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that FHA served as an efficient regulator to attenuate osteoclasts formation and function and was proposed as a candidature for bone tissue engineering applications.
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