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Published on: September 12, 2025
Cystoscopy at the Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Indications and Delayed Lower Genitourinary Tract Injury
Emma L Barber1, Rosa M Polan, Anna E Strohl
1Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, and the Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health in Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; the Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Objective:
To compare the rate of delayed 30-day lower genitourinary tract injury in women who underwent cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications to those who did not.
Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent hysterectomy without a concomitant procedure for prolapse or incontinence for benign pathology with a general obstetrician-gynecologist (ob-gyn) recorded in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program targeted hysterectomy file between 2015 and 2017. The primary outcome was a delayed lower genitourinary tract injury in the 30 days after hysterectomy. Secondary outcomes included urinary tract infection and operative time. The exposure of interest was cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy. Stratified analysis was performed by route of surgery. Bivariable tests were used to examine associations.
Results:
We identified 39,529 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications with a general ob-gyn. Surgical approach was open (26%), laparoscopic or robotic assisted laparoscopic (46%), and vaginal or vaginally assisted (28%). Overall, 25% of women underwent cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy; cystoscopy was more commonly performed in laparoscopic or robotic (32%) and vaginal hysterectomy (25%) as compared with open hysterectomy (11%) (P<.001). There was no difference in delayed lower genitourinary tract injury between patients who underwent cystoscopy at time of hysterectomy compared with those who did not undergo cystoscopy (0.27% vs 0.24%, P=.64). Patients who underwent cystoscopy were more likely to be diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (2.6% vs 2.0%, RR 1.27 95% CI 1.09-1.47). Median operative time was increased by 17 minutes in cases where cystoscopy was performed (132 vs 115 minutes, P<.001).
Conclusion:
Cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications does not result in a lower rate of 30-day delayed lower genitourinary tract injury compared with no cystoscopy.
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