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Related Concept Videos

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Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
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Attending a best interests meeting.

Richard Griffith1

  • 1Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University.

British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
|April 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This article examines best interests meetings and the crucial role nurses play in ensuring patient well-being during these legal and ethical discussions.

Area of Science:

  • Health Law
  • Nursing Practice
  • Medical Ethics

Background:

  • Best interests meetings are critical legal forums for decision-making concerning individuals lacking capacity.
  • Nurses are integral members of healthcare teams involved in these meetings.
  • Understanding the nuances of meeting conduct and nursing roles is vital for upholding patient rights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the procedural aspects of conducting a best interests meeting.
  • To elucidate the specific responsibilities and contributions of nurses within these meetings.
  • To provide guidance on best practices for nursing participation in best interests decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Review of relevant legal frameworks and ethical guidelines.
  • Analysis of case studies and professional standards.

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  • Discussion of the practical application of nursing knowledge in meeting settings.

    • Main Results:

    • Nurses possess unique insights into patient well-being and care needs.
    • Effective nursing participation can significantly enhance the quality of best interests decisions.
    • Clarity on nursing roles can improve meeting efficiency and patient advocacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Best interests meetings require careful conduct and informed participation.
    • Nurses play a pivotal role in advocating for patients and ensuring decisions align with their best interests.
    • Further education and support for nurses in these meetings are recommended.