Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
07:11
Biofilm Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Aerosols without Nitrogen Purge
Published on: November 6, 2016
6.8K
Bubble Growth in Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Carbon Dioxide Mixture
1Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. jchu@stu.suda.edu.cn.
Polymers
|April 12, 2019
Summary
Higher start-up pressure leads to more uniform bubble sizes in poly(methyl methacrylate) and CO2 foams. This is because increased pressure reduces polymer free volume, stabilizing bubbles and preventing large bubble growth.
Area of Science:
- Polymer science
- Materials science
- Chemical engineering
Background:
- Bubble nucleation and growth are critical in polymer foaming.
- Uniform bubble size distribution is desired in the foaming industry.
- The physical mechanisms behind pressure-dependent bubble uniformity were unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the molecular mechanisms of bubble nucleation and growth in poly(methyl methacrylate) and CO2 mixtures.
- To elucidate the effect of start-up pressure on bubble size distribution.
- To explain the observed phenomenon of more uniform bubble sizes at higher start-up pressures.
Main Methods:
- Molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
- The study focused on a poly(methyl methacrylate) and CO2 mixture.
- Analysis centered on free volume and bubble adsorption phenomena.
Main Results:
- Free volume-rich polymer segments were found to adsorb small bubbles near polymer chains.
- Adsorption of small bubbles limits free CO2 molecules, aiding bubble stabilization.
- Increased start-up pressure reduces polymer segment free volume.
- Higher start-up pressure resulted in a more uniform size distribution of large bubbles.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a molecular-level explanation for the influence of start-up pressure on bubble uniformity.
- Reduced free volume at higher pressures plays a key role in bubble stabilization and size control.
- Findings offer insights for optimizing foaming processes in poly(methyl methacrylate) and CO2 systems.
Keywords:
bubble nucleationcarbon dioxidefree volumemixturemolecular dynamics simulationpoly(methyl methacrylate)More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:28Carbon-dioxide Fixation
688
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
688
01:19Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood
4.9K
Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
4.9K
03:27Mixtures of Acids
21.6K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
21.6K
01:19Mixtures of Acids
1.1K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...
1.1K
01:14The Carbon Cycle
43.3K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
43.3K
01:13Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble
3.4K
The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
3.4K