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Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

Atomic Orbitals

Atomic Orbitals

An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Micro-Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Micro-Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: August 28, 2011

Characterization of Cell Scaffolds by Atomic Force Microscopy.

Jagoba Iturri¹, José L Toca-Herrera²

¹Institute for Biophysics, Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien, Austria. jagoba.iturri@boku.ac.at.

|April 12, 2019

Summary

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for analyzing cell scaffold properties, including surface topography and mechanical behavior. This review highlights AFM

Keywords:

atomic force microscopy cell scaffolds

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Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Micro-Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy

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Published on: August 28, 2011

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Primary Cell Wall in Living Plant Organs Using Atomic Force Microscopy

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Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: June 27, 2013

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Surface Science
Cell Biology

Background:

Cell scaffolds are crucial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Understanding scaffold properties is essential for optimizing cell interaction and tissue formation.
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) offers high-resolution imaging and mechanical probing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the recent applications of AFM in cell scaffold investigation.
To highlight AFM's ability to characterize scaffold surface topography and mechanical properties.
To explore novel and alternative uses of AFM in materials science and biology.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on AFM applications for cell scaffolds.
Analysis of studies reporting on surface topography measurements (e.g., roughness, feature size).
Examination of studies detailing mechanical property assessments (e.g., Young's modulus, adhesion, viscosity).

Main Results:

AFM provides detailed topographical information of cell scaffolds.
AFM effectively measures key mechanical properties like Young's modulus, viscosity, and adhesion.
Emerging applications of AFM extend beyond traditional uses, addressing fundamental questions in physics, chemistry, and biology.

Conclusions:

AFM is a versatile technique for comprehensive cell scaffold characterization.
Novel AFM measurement modes hold significant potential for future advancements in materials science and cell biology.
Continued exploration of AFM's capabilities will drive innovation in tissue engineering and related fields.