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Mechanoadaptive Responses in the Periodontium Are Coordinated by Wnt
11 The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Journal of Dental Research
|April 12, 2019
Summary
Physical loading triggers coordinated cellular responses in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. Stem cells orchestrate tissue adaptation to mechanical stress, enhancing bone density and PDL structure.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanical Engineering
- Cell Biology
- Periodontology
Background:
- Adaptive tissue changes to mechanical forces are well-documented.
- The coordinated cellular response mechanisms to physical loading remain inadequately understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the stress distribution within the periodontal ligament (PDL) under occlusal hyperloading.
- To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving tissue adaptation in the PDL and alveolar bone.
Main Methods:
- Finite element (FE) modeling to simulate stress distributions.
- An in vivo murine model to observe cellular responses to hyperloading.
Main Results:
- Occlusal hyperloading induced spatially restricted apoptosis and proliferation in the PDL.
- PDL thickening, increased collagen deposition, and enhanced stiffness were observed.
- Hyperloading stimulated bone resorption followed by bone formation, increasing alveolar bone density and mineral apposition.
Conclusions:
- Wnt-responsive stem/progenitor cells in the PDL and bone orchestrate adaptive responses to mechanical loading.
- These stem cells regulate the formation of new PDL fibers and bone, crucial for tissue adaptation.
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