Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

819
Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
819
Linearization and Approximation01:26

Linearization and Approximation

51
Linearization is a mathematical technique used to approximate complex, nonlinear functions with simpler linear models in the vicinity of a chosen reference point. The method is based on the idea that, although a function may be difficult to evaluate exactly, its behavior near a specific input value can often be closely approximated by the tangent line at that point. This approach is particularly useful when small deviations from a known value are involved.Consider the square root function, for...
51
Application of Linearization and Approximation01:29

Application of Linearization and Approximation

87
A drone flying through complex terrain often relies on more than one sensing method to estimate small changes in altitude. Along with direct measurements, air pressure provides a useful indirect indicator of vertical movement. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, and this relationship is commonly described using an exponential model. Although accurate, converting pressure measurements into altitude values requires calculations that are too complex to perform repeatedly during...
87
Accuracy, limits, and approximation01:28

Accuracy, limits, and approximation

1.1K
Accuracy, limits, and approximations are common in many fields, especially in engineering calculations. These concepts are imperative for ensuring that a given value is as close as possible to its true value.
Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...
1.1K
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

366
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
366
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

362
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
362

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring life's hidden majority: microbial dark matter symposium highlights.

mSphere·2026
Same author

Environmental considerations and bioremediation applications of the metal-, nitrate-, and organohalide-respiring bacterium <i>Trichlorobacter lovleyi</i> (formerly <i>Geobacter lovleyi</i>).

Applied and environmental microbiology·2026
Same author

Modeling the microbial contribution to human energy balance using the Digestion, Absorption, and Microbial Metabolism (DAMM) model.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Elevated microbially-derived metabolites in autism: a possible diagnostic screening test for a distinct ASD phenotype.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Spatial heterogeneity and microbial terroir: balancing dispersal limitation and cultivar as drivers of microbial diversity in viticulture.

ISME communications·2026
Same author

Identify contaminants with decontam on the QIIME 2 Framework.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
15:16

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR

Published on: July 22, 2012

17.8K

Rapidly Processed Stool Swabs Approximate Stool Microbiota Profiles.

Nicholas A Bokulich1, Juan Maldonado2,3,4, Dae-Wook Kang2,3

  • 1Center for Applied Microbiome Science, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.

Msphere
|April 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Fecal swabs offer a simpler way to collect intestinal microbiome samples. When processed within two days, swabs accurately reflect stool microbiota composition and diversity.

Keywords:
16S rRNA genesgut microbiomesample collection

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
07:35

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Published on: June 8, 2020

7.4K
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
07:06

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Published on: December 8, 2014

27.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
15:16

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR

Published on: July 22, 2012

17.8K
Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
07:35

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Published on: June 8, 2020

7.4K
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
07:06

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection

Published on: December 8, 2014

27.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiome studies typically use stool samples.
  • Stool collection can be challenging in certain situations.
  • Fecal swabs offer a streamlined alternative for sample collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Validate fecal swabs as a method to approximate stool microbiota.
  • Assess the impact of shipping time and ambient temperature on swab sample accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing was used.
  • Fecal swab samples were compared to stool samples.
  • The effect of processing time (≤2 days vs. longer) was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Swab samples accurately replicated bacterial composition, alpha diversity, and beta diversity of stool when processed within 2 days.
  • Sample quality degraded significantly after 2 days, with increased Enterobacteriaceae.
  • Extended ambient temperature exposure compromised sample integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Fecal swabs are a viable alternative to stool sampling for intestinal microbiota analysis.
  • Timely processing (≤2 days) is crucial for maintaining sample integrity and accuracy.
  • Proper shipping and handling are essential for reliable fecal swab microbiome measurements.