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Sources of suboptimality in a minimalistic explore-exploit task.

Mingyu Song1,2,3, Zahy Bnaya2,3, Wei Ji Ma4,5

  • 1Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.

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|April 12, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People struggle with explore-exploit decisions, often using a suboptimal strategy. They switch from exploration to exploitation based on a reward threshold, not the optimal policy, indicating sequence-level strategy use.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sequential decision-making involves balancing exploration (seeking new options) and exploitation (using known options).
  • Real-world complexities in laboratory studies may obscure fundamental explore-exploit dynamics.
  • A minimalistic task is needed to isolate core decision-making principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and analyze a simplified explore-exploit task.
  • To investigate human behavior against an optimal policy in this task.
  • To identify the underlying strategies and variability in human explore-exploit decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a minimalistic explore-exploit task with a single switch allowed.
  • Recruited 49 laboratory and 143 online participants.
  • Analyzed participant behavior against the optimal policy, accounting for bias and noise.

Main Results:

  • Participant behavior deviated significantly from the optimal policy.
  • A suboptimal rule was identified: switching to exploitation based on a reward threshold.
  • This threshold showed a linear decrease over time (temporal ratio law).
  • Evidence for shared sequence-level variability across decisions was found.

Conclusions:

  • Human explore-exploit decisions in this task are suboptimal and follow a distinct rule.
  • A temporal ratio law appears to govern the exploitation threshold.
  • Sequence-level strategies and their variability are crucial for understanding decision-making.