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Social Cognition in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Co-twin Control Study.

J Isaksson1,2,3, A Van't Westeinde1,2, É Cauvet1

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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|April 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Social cognition (SC) challenges are linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study suggests non-shared environmental factors may influence this association, impacting social communication in ASD.

Keywords:
ADHDAutism spectrum disorderMovie for the assessment of social cognitionRATSSTwins

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Social cognition (SC) alterations are theorized to cause social communication and interaction difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • The precise etiological factors connecting SC and ASD remain incompletely understood.
  • Twin studies are crucial for disentangling genetic and environmental influences in neurodevelopmental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between social cognition and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its severity.
  • To explore the etiological underpinnings, specifically genetic versus environmental influences, on the relationship between SC and ASD.
  • To examine the role of shared and non-shared environmental factors in the SC-ASD association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) to evaluate SC in 196 twins.
  • Assessed autism diagnosis and severity using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2).
  • Quantified autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) and employed within-twin-pair regression models to control for familial confounders.

Main Results:

  • Significant correlations were found between SC and ASD diagnosis, autism severity, and autistic traits.
  • Within-twin-pair analyses indicated that SC alterations are important in autism.
  • Findings suggest a significant impact of non-shared environmental factors on the association between SC and ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in social cognition are critically important in autism spectrum disorder.
  • The association between social cognition and ASD appears to be influenced by non-shared environmental factors.
  • Further research into non-shared environmental influences is warranted to understand the etiology of social communication challenges in ASD.