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Updated: Jan 26, 2026
08:39
Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
Published on: December 28, 2021
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[Immunotherapy and bladder cancer].
Louis Lenfant1, Morgan Rouprêt1
1Service d'Urologie, Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 5, ONCOTYPE-URO, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
Biologie Aujourd'Hui
|April 12, 2019
Summary
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has been a standard for bladder cancer since 1976. New immune checkpoint inhibitors offer novel treatment options for various stages of bladder cancer, with ongoing clinical trials.
Area of Science:
- Onco-urology
- Cancer immunotherapy
Background:
- Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been a cornerstone treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer since 1976.
- Current scientific guidelines universally recommend BCG for this indication.
- The field of cancer treatment is rapidly evolving with new immunotherapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the established role of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in bladder cancer treatment.
- To highlight the emergence and application of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors in onco-urology.
- To discuss the ongoing clinical trials investigating these immunotherapies in various stages of bladder cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of immunotherapy in solid malignancies.
- Analysis of historical data and current guidelines for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) use in bladder cancer.
- Overview of recent advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors and their clinical applications.
Main Results:
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains a widely used and recommended treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a significant advancement in systemic cancer immunotherapy.
- Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials are actively evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors, with and without BCG, across all stages of bladder cancer.
Conclusions:
- Immunotherapy, including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and immune checkpoint inhibitors, is a critical approach for treating solid tumors.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors are expanding treatment possibilities for bladder cancer patients.
- Further research and clinical trials are essential to optimize the use of these immunotherapies in onco-urology.
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