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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
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Delay Discount Rate Moderates a Physical Activity Intervention Testing Immediate Rewards.

Christine B Phillips1, Jane C Hurley1, Siddhartha S Angadi1

  • 1College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University.

Behavioral Medicine (Washington, D.C.)
|April 12, 2019
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Summary

Immediate financial incentives are more effective for increasing physical activity (PA) in individuals less tolerant of delayed rewards. Higher delay discount rates diminish the impact of delayed rewards on sustained PA.

Keywords:
delay discountingfinancial incentivesimpulsive behaviorinterventionphysical activityreward schedule

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Public Health
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Financial incentives can motivate increased physical activity (PA).
  • Individual differences in delay discounting, or tolerance for delayed rewards, may influence response to incentives.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for designing effective PA interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if delay discount rate moderates the effectiveness of immediate financial rewards on increasing daily PA.
  • To compare the impact of smaller, immediate rewards versus larger, delayed rewards on PA levels.
  • To explore how individual differences in reward delay tolerance affect intervention outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial involving 96 inactive, overweight adults (ages 18-60).
  • Participants received either immediate or delayed financial rewards contingent on PA.
  • Delay discount rates were assessed using the Monetary Choice Questionnaire.
  • Linear mixed models analyzed changes in Fitbit-measured daily steps.

Main Results:

  • All participants increased daily steps from baseline; immediate reward groups showed greater increases.
  • The effectiveness of financial rewards decreased as delay discount rates increased.
  • Higher discount rates were associated with more pronounced declines in PA during the intervention.
  • Intervention efficacy was reduced in individuals with lower tolerance for reward delays.

Conclusions:

  • Immediate financial incentives are more effective for boosting PA, especially in individuals with higher delay discount rates.
  • The immediacy of reward delivery is a critical factor in the success of financial incentive interventions for PA.
  • Intervention design should consider individual delay discounting to maximize PA behavior change.