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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions
Published on: July 10, 2021
Pathogenic roles of anti-C1q antibodies in recurrent pregnancy loss
Kazumasa Ohmura1, Kenji Oku1, Tamao Kitaori2
1Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Abstract:
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is often considered idiopathic, however excessive complement activation has been observed in pregnancy related manifestations. Anti-C1q antibodies (anti-C1q) are associated with the activation of complement pathway in lupus patients, while it remains unclear in RPL. Firstly, we showed that both the prevalence and titre of anti-C1q were significantly higher in unexplained RPL than in healthy parous individuals. Secondly, we established the murine model of anti-C1q induced pregnancy loss using a monoclonal anti-mouse C1q antibody, JL-1. In mice treated with JL-1, high ratio of pregnancy loss and fetal growth restriction were frequently observed and complement activation occurred. C5a receptor (C5aR) blockade cancelled these pathogenic changes in mice treated with JL-1. In conclusion, our study reveals an association between the prevalence of anti-C1q and RPL. Additionally, our murine model has indicated that anti-C1q can induce reproductive failure, which might be ameliorated by therapy targeting the C5-C5aR axis.
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