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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions01:28

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions

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Antimuscarinic drugs block muscarinic receptors in multiple systems, including the gut, eye, smooth muscles, respiratory tract, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. They produce similar effects with varying selectivity depending on the specific agent and tissue. Here are the key pharmacological actions of antimuscarinics:
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Pharmacological and Functional Genetic Assays to Manipulate Regeneration of the Planarian Dugesia japonica
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Pharmacological advances in pemphigus.

Asli Bilgic Temel1, Dedee F Murrell1

  • 1St George Hospital, UNSW Department of Dermatology, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|April 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Emerging pemphigus therapies target specific molecules like CD20 and Bruton tyrosine kinase. These treatments aim for sustainable effects with fewer side effects and less immunosuppression.

Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
  • Therapeutic Development

Background:

  • Pemphigus is a group of severe autoimmune blistering diseases.
  • Current treatments often involve broad immunosuppression with significant side effects.
  • There is a need for more targeted and effective pemphigus therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging therapeutic options for pemphigus treatment.
  • To highlight novel molecular targets and treatment strategies.
  • To inform better patient care through updated therapeutic knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on pemphigus therapeutics.
  • Analysis of targeted therapies including biologics and small molecules.

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  • Evaluation of treatment mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles.

    • Main Results:

    • Several novel therapeutic targets are under investigation, including CD20, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), and cytokine modulation (anti-IL-4, anti-IL-6).
    • Emerging therapies aim for pathology-focused treatment with long-term effects.
    • These new options seek to reduce systemic immunosuppression and minimize antibody formation against medications.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel targeted therapies offer promising alternatives for pemphigus management.
    • These advanced treatments aim to improve patient outcomes by increasing specificity and reducing adverse effects.
    • Continued research is crucial for optimizing pemphigus treatment strategies.